Keyword: Age

ABSTRACT: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) remains a difficult and upsetting condition that affects women of reproductive age all over the world. With an emphasis on women in Kazakhstan, this study investigates the relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) and RPL. The purpose of this study was to explore how maternal age and BMI relate to the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss, and to see whether these two factors might interact and influence each other. We found that the chances of experiencing RPL went up with age, especially for women 35 and older. Weight also played a role, both women who were underweight and those who were obese had a higher likelihood of experiencing repeated losses compared to those in a healthy BMI range. The highest risk was among women who were both older and obese, suggesting that these two factors may work together to increase the chances of RPL. Helping women maintain a healthy weight and encouraging earlier planning for pregnancy when possible could lower the risk of RPL, especially for those in higher-risk groups. These findings highlight the need for tailored treatment plans and preconception health optimization to enhance pregnancy outcomes for women at risk of RPL.

ABSTRACT: Central precocious puberty is an uncommon but important paediatrics endocrine condition that requires timely recognition and evaluation to prevent adverse auxological and psychosocial outcomes. We present the case of a 6-year-old girl with a 10-month history of progressive breast enlargement and pubic and axillary hair development. Clinical examination revealed markedly advanced secondary sexual characteristics, consistent with Tanner stage IV maturation. Endocrine evaluation demonstrated pubertal-range gonadotropin concentrations, and dynamic testing with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist showed a pubertal luteinizing hormone response, supporting activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Bone age assessment demonstrated advancement beyond chronological age, while pelvic ultrasonography showed pubertal uterine morphology. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed no hypothalamic-pituitary or other intracranial lesion. Following clinical, biochemical, radiological, and imaging assessment, a diagnosis of idiopathic central precocious puberty was made. The patient’s parents were counselled on the diagnosis, treatment options, expected benefits, and need for follow-up, and treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue was commenced. This case underscores the importance of a structured approach to children presenting with early progressive pubertal development, including careful clinical assessment, bone age evaluation, endocrine testing, pelvic imaging, and neuroimaging where indicated.